Dr. Enoh C. Ukpong

BY
UKPONG, E. C and ABARAOGU, Civil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering University of Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria.
and
UDECHUKWU JOHN Civil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering University of Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria.

ABSTRACT
The description and location of geologic formations and water-bearing zones within the study area are discussed. The geologic aquifer in the area are the upper, medium and lower sands. Pumping test and soil sample data were obtained from Ifa Atai, State Secretariat and Ewet Housing Estate all in Uyo metropolis were analysed. The analysis reveals the following Aquifer and well characteristics, permeability (3.74-20.952) m/d, transmissivity (146.13-914.63) m²/d, storativity (0.141-0.181), specific capacity (4.26-28.69) m³/h/m, well efficiency (77.31-95.03%), expected drawdown (4.36-29.34)m. The result shows that the geologic formation have good water-bearing formations with medium sand being predominant. Draw down values after prolonged pumping test are indicative of high well productivity. Generally the aquifers in the study area are permeable and of high storage capacity.

Keywords: Pumping test, soil sample data, geologic formations, aquifer, permeability, and specific capacity.

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By
Abaraogu, Udechukwu John and Dr. Ukpong, E. C.
Civil Engineering Department
Faculty of Engineering University of Uyo, Nigeria.

ABSTRACT
In this work, the physical chemical and biological water treatment of raw and filter water through sand filtration in Kwa community of Cross River State, Nigeria were compared to the Nigeria and world Health organization standards. The mean results after the experiment showed that PH value for the filtered water is 6.6mg/l from 7.6mg/l when it was unfiltered, suspended solids droped from 12.29 (for raw water) to 7.7mg/l after filtration colour reduced from 12.22 TCU to 10143TUC after filtration Turbility was from 14.4NTU to 8.2NTU, dissolved oxygen from 4.0mg/l to 3.5mg/l ammonia from 0.32mg/l to 0.02mg/l, sodium from 30.5mg/l to 25.5mg/l, chloride from 12.1mg/l to 17.1mg/l, total dissolved solids (T.D.S) from 11.4mg/l to 25.76mg/l, the conductivity was from 18.06MS/Cm t0 42.16MS/Cm and the Total coliform count was from 0.043CFU/ML to 0.0217CFu/ML. These figures showed that the sand filtration was very good in treating the water to correspond with the Drinking water standard.

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BY
Dr. Ukpong, E. C.
Civil Engineering Department, Faculty of engineering, University of Uyo, Nigeria

Abaraogu, Udechukwu John
Civil Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering University of Uyo, Nigeria.

ABSTRACT
Water quality analysis was conducted using the physical, chemical and biological analysis methods of water treatment for samples randomly selected from three (3) boreholes and three (3) hand dug wells in Uyo metropolis to determine their suitability for drinking in comparison of the WHO standards for drinking water. After the analysis, one (1) of the boreholes was found to be slightly acidic (pH 6.3) while others were within limit of WHO standards. The mean D.O for borehole (4.161mgl/l) were less than that of wells and did not meet the WHO limit. (5-14mg/l). The BOD of all samples did not satisfy the WHO limit of 2-4mg/l. lead concentrations in bored holes were slightly above WHO limits of 0.01mg/l. the concentration of ions (Fe⁴, Ca²⁺ and mg²⁺), sulphate, and Nitrate fell within the WHO limit. From analysis, it will be concluded that the different water sources are good sources of drinking water.
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