Civil Engineering Information

By
Sreenivasa Hassan Jayaram
Manager-Projects, Jones Lang LaSalle India, Bangalore, Karnataka

Anytime work is being performed overhead where others may be working or walking below, regardless if work is being performed from a scaffold, platform or ladder. Steps shall be taken to prevent hazards associated with falling objects.

• Toe boards shall be used on working platforms and scaffolds over 6 feet (1.8m) in height.
• Materials shall not be allowed to accumulate next to the edge of the work platform without a means to prevent objects from falling into the area below.
• Access to the lower area shall be restricted to protect workers or pedestrians in the area.
• Tools and materials shall be secured either through tethering or other means if they may be dropped to the lower level.

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For more than 2 metres, it is commonly defined as high level fall in which most injuries are resulted from. However, there is an increasing trend that there has been similar number of injuries from low level falls (i.e. less than 2 metres) and from high level falls. As such, some countries have deleted the “2 metre rule” as the definition of falling at height. Instead, it is newly defined as working at a place from which a person could be injured by falling from it, regardless of whether it is above, at or below ground level without stating the level of fall.

This question is taken from book named – A Self Learning Manual – Mastering Different Fields of Civil Engineering Works (VC-Q-A-Method) by Vincent T. H. CHU.

The main principle of safety helmet is to protect workers against impact by falling objects or struck by swinging object by energy absorption. Upon hitting by an object, the helmet dissipates some of the energy in the following mechanisms:

(i) Stretching of harness inside the helmet;
(ii) Partial damage of outer shell of helmet.

The remaining energy is then evenly spread around the head to reduce the hitting stress on worker’s head.

This question is taken from book named – A Self Learning Manual – Mastering Different Fields of Civil Engineering Works (VC-Q-A-Method) by Vincent T. H. CHU.

Following are the IS codes which are used for Clay and Stabilized Soil products for Construction. It includes standardization in the field of burnt, unburnt clay and stabilized soil products for construction.

IS 654:1992 Clay roofing tiles, mangalore pattern – Specification.

IS 1077:1992 Common burnt clay building bricks – Specification

IS 1464:1992 Clay ridge and ceiling tiles – Specification

IS 1478:1992 Clay flooring tile – Specification

IS 1725:1982 Specification for soil based blocks used in general building construction

IS 2117:1991 Guide for manufacture of hand-made common burnt clay building bricks
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Following are the IS codes which are used for Construction Management including safety in construction. It also includes planning and organization at site for residential buildings, public buildings and offices, and industrial buildings, formulation of standards laying down safety requirements in the various operations involved in different types of civil engineering construction.

IS 3696(Part 1):1987 Safety code of scaffolds and ladders: Part 1

IS 3696(Part 2):1991 Safety code of scaffolds and ladders: Part 2

IS 3764:1992 Code of safety for excavation work

IS 4014(Part 2):1967 Code of practice for steel tubular scaffolding: Part 2 Safety regulations for scaffolding

IS 4081:1986 Safety code for blasting and related drilling operations
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Following are the IS codes which are used for standardization in the Public Health Engineering including standardization in the field of water supply, drainage and sanitation in buildings, including laying of pipelines, small sewage treatment plants, ancillary structures for water supply and sewerage and standardization of equipment used in public health engineering including their design, manufacture, testing, operation and maintenance

IS 1172:1993 Code of basic requirements for water supply,drainage and sanitation

IS 1742:1983 Code of practice for building drainage

IS 2064:1993 Code of practice for selection, installation and maintenance of sanitary appliances

IS 2065:1983 Code of practice for water supply in buildings

IS 2470(Part 1):1985 Code of practice for installation of septic tanks: Part I design, criteria and construction
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Following are the IS codes which are used for standardization of Fire Fighting including standardization in the field of Fire Fighting Equipment Including Water Fittings, Fire Fighting Units, Fire Detection And Fire Alarm Systems, Helmets, Equipment For Fire Protection And Fire Fighting, Personal Safety – Protective Clothing and Equipment.

IS 884:1985 Specification for first-aid hose reel for fire fighting

IS 901:1988 Specification for couplings, double male and double female, instantaneous pattern for fire fighting

IS 902:1992 Specification for suction hose couplings for fire fighting purposes

IS 903:1993 Specification for fire hose delivery couplings, branch pipe, nozzles and nozzlespanner

IS 904:1983 Specification for 2-way and 3-way suction collecting heads for fire fighting purposes
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Following are the IS codes which are used for Wood And Other Lignocellulosic Products. These IS Codes include standardization in the field of Wood Products including Composite Wood Products

IS 303:1989 Specification for plywood for general purposes

IS 652:1960 Specification for wooden separators for lead-acid storage batteries

IS 709:1974 Specification for medium strength aircraft plywood

IS 710:1976 Specification for marine plywood

IS 848:2006 Specification for synthetic resin adhesives for plywood (pnenolic and aminoplastic)

IS 851:1978 Specification for synthetic resin adhesives for construction work (non-structural) in wood

IS 852:1994 Specification for animal glue for general wood working purposes

IS 1328:1996 Specification for veneered decorative plywood
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Following are the IS codes which are used for Standardization of Builder’s Hardware. These IS Codes include standardization in the field of Builder’s Hardware, I.E. Doors And Window Fittings such as Hinges, Handles, Sliding Bolts, Rim Latches Etc

IS 204(Part 1):1991 Specificaion for tower bolts: Part 1 Ferrous metals

IS 204(Part 2):1992 Specification for tower bolts: Part 2 Non-ferrous metals

IS 205:1992 Specification for non-ferrous metal butt hinges

IS 206:1992 Specification for tee and strap hinges

IS 208:1996 Specification for door handles

IS 281:2009 Specification for mild steel sliding door bolts for use with padlocks
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Following are the IS codes which are used for Building Construction Practices. These IS Codes include standardization in the field of Building Construction Practices and drawing up of codes of practice for building construction and maintenance along with timber structures, masonry, unreinforced masonry, reinforced masonry and other test methods

IS 883:1994 Code of practice for design of structural timber in building

IS 965:1963 Equivalent metric units for scales, dimensions and quantities in general construction work

IS 1414:1989 Code of practice for fixing of wall coverings

IS 1477(Part 1):1971 Code of practice for painting of ferrous metals in buildings:Part 1 Pretreatment

IS 1477(Part 2):1971 Code of practice for painting of ferrous metals in buildings: Part 2 Painting

IS 1597(Part 1):1992 Code of practice for construction of stone masonry: Part 1 Rubble stone masonry
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