Project Reports

By Narasingha Mohanta
(Research Officer, Zonal Laboratory (R&B) Balangir)

Abstract:
IS:10262 is the code specified by Bureau of Indian Standards for Concrete Mix Design. The code came to existence in the year 1982. Keeping pace with the advancing technology the code has been revised in December 2009. Significant changes have been made in the revised version and a brief discussion is presented in this paper comparing the two versions of IS:10262. The basic points where the guidelines have been modified are discussed. Besides one numerical example has been solved using guidelines of both the versions to understand the differences. Though the 2009 version encourages mixing of mineral admixtures to meet greater challenges of modern concreting, a simple example is considered with use of no additives.

Introduction
Mix Design of Concrete is the process of deciding the proportions of the ingredients of concrete so as to be produced most economically, that would satisfy the desired properties of fresh and hardened concrete as well. In simpler words, the concrete should be well workable when fresh and the designed compressive strength as well as durability should be achieved at hardening.
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By
S.S. KOLO, (Civil Engineering Department, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria), Y.A.JIMOH (University of Ilorin, Nigeria) AND P. N.NDOKE(Civil Engineering Department, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria)

Abstract
This paper presents the outcome of the axle load survey on a section of a rural trunk road in Nigeria in order to ascertain the contribution of overloaded goods vehicles to pavement failure. Seven day classified traffic and axle load survey was conducted for the determination of ADT, percentage heavy vehicle and the imposed axle load at respective axle position for the traversing vehicles on the Old Jos –Kaduna road, Kaduna state Nigeria. The proportion of the vehicle laden weight carried by each axle and the corresponding standard axle load (sal) was computed with the index model of power 4. The percentage and magnitude of overloaded axles were respectively determined as an indicative measure of the extent of structural damage to the pavement. The studied pavement was overstressed up to five times beyond the Nigeria standard axle load of 80kN, which was too high and hence constituting the hindsight to frequent structural damage to road pavements in Nigeria. It was recommended that the axle load control with weigh-in-motion weighing bridges to assure protection of the road from failure be instituted that will impact less disturbance to normal traffic flow on the arterial.

Keywords
Commercial Vehicle, Average Daily Traffic, Design life, Axle Load, Gross Weight and Gross Vehicle Weight
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By
Rahul
Department Of Civil Engineering, AWH Engineering College, Calicut-8,Kerala

ABSTRACT
This seminar paper on LiDAR mapping provides an introduction to a maturing technology used to acquire land based Digital elevation Models (DEM), and an existing mature technology used to acquire marine (undersea) DEMs. This seminar also goes through the use of LIDAR in space programs. Common to both the land-based and marine based systems by the use of lasers, integrated into what are known as Light Detection And Ranging systems, or LiDAR. The seminar begins with an introduction to LiDAR, and follows-through with how the systems are used, a description of land and marine variants, and statements as to what accuracy is attainable. Data products driven by applications are outlined, and the ability of these products to be integrated into a GIS is addressed. In turn and integral to the theme of the paper, evidence is presented to support applications developments that will ultimately benefit the public at large. Where valid, comparisons of LiDAR to other mapping technologies are presented to give the reader an understanding of current traditional practices. In many cases the combination of Li-DAR with other technology creates a result that is unachievable with a single methodology. Finally, conclusions are presented for discussion purposes that draw on the experiences of LiDAR.

INTRODUCTION
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by
Adama Andrew Yisa (Ministry of Works and Infrastructural Development, Minna, Niger state, Nigeria.)
and
Dr. Y.A. Jimoh (Department of Civil Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Technology University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria.)

ABSTRACT
Locust Bean Pod Ash (LBPA) was produced by burning Locust Bean Pods in an Incinerator under controlled temperature. The solid residue after the combustion process was sieved using a set IS standard sieves after which the sieved sample was analyzed chemically to determine its constituents. The results of particle size distribution and chemical analysis of Locust Bean Pod Ash revealed that the percentage mass retained on IS sieve 44 µm is 29.6 % while the sum total of the combination of the chemical compounds (Sio2 + Al2O3 + Fe2O3) was 63.57%. These indicate that Locust Bean Pod Ash is pozzolanic in nature.

Keywords
Locust Bean Pod Ash (LBPA), Pozzolan, Chemical analysis, Particle size
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By
Navaid Ur Rehman,PMP,
M.Eng (Construction Management)
University of Alberta

ABSTRACT
This term paper is prepared as part of the graduate degree requirement. The report consists of two parts:
Part 1: Mold growth in existing buildings
Part 2: Mold during construction

In Part 1 four areas are discussed:
(1) What mold is, how and where it resides and the reason for mold growth (2) Mold health concerns (3) Investigation and evaluation of mold and (4) Mold control if it resides in indoor environments and what should the preventive measures be.

In Part 2 two main areas are discussed: (1) Mold free construction, preventing mold growth before construction and checks during and post construction (2) Toxic Mold Litigation and the number of mold claims have exploded in recent years in the US and Canada.

KEY WORDS
Mold, Health Concern, Risk Factor, Risk Control, Mold free Construction, Construction Claim, Moisture
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By
Preetpal Kaur Ragbir Singh, Assoc. Prof. Dr, Nasir Shafiq
University Technology Petronas, Bandar Seri Iskandar.31750,Tronoh, Perak, Malaysia

Abstract
Design, construction and maintenance requirements of tall buildings and industrial complexes are very different from those applicable for normal building design and construction. For example, for conveying the services and other facilities such as water supply, electricity, air-conditioning and sewerage discharge; a complex network of system routing is provided, which usually align vertically and horizontally and spread throughout the floor area. This complex network is often obstructed by the structural components such as beams, columns and floors and requires to penetrate through such obstruction, which is called the structural penetrations. The size, location and configuration of structural penetration are derived from the type of services, magnitude and speed of facility to be provided. The most prevalent location, size and configuration of structural penetration are always an issue between structural engineers and service or facilities design engineers. This research focuses on the effects of static loading on reinforced concrete beams with openings. This research also studies the prospect of strengthening the beams by using external bonded CFRP in different combinations or arrangement to regain bending capacity that was lost due to the openings. The openings are circular, rectangular, square and elliptical shaped.

Keywords
CFRP Sheets, Large Opening, Static, RC Beam.
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By
Prof. Pravin B. Waghmare
Acharya Shrimannarayan Polytechnic Pipri (M)- Wardha-Maharashtra

Abstract
The objective of this study is to identify an efficient retrofitting method for existing open ground story reinforced concrete frame buildings. Failure of several soft-stored buildings in the past earthquakes underscores the need to retrofit existing soft-story buildings. A common cause for the collapse of multi-storied buildings is the occurrence of soft story in the ground floor due to the presence of infill walls in the upper story. During the Bhuj (Gujarat) earthquake of 6thJanuary 2001 several soft storied building failed there by confirming the vulnerability of such buildings to earthquake loading. This underscores the need to retrofit existing soft story buildings to prevent their total collapse. The existing building structures, which were designed and constructed according to early codal provisions, do not satisfy requirements of current seismic code and design practices. A two dimensional R.C. frame designed with linear elastic dynamic analysis using response spectrum method. The computer software package STAAD Pro–2005 is used for dynamics analysis technique is used to assess the performance of a (G + 4) reinforced concrete buildings, of which the ground storey is a parking facility the ground storey is 3.5m high while the upper stories giving a total height of 15.5 m. the building is located in Seismic Zone IV.

The RC frame is retrofitted by three methods namely,
1) Brick masonry infill in the ground story.

2) Steel braces in the ground story.

3) R.C. Structural wall in the ground story.

The study concludes that the building designed as per provisions of IS: 456:2000 using limit state method of design, and analyzed as per existing seismic code IS: 1893-2000 of all these three methods studied the use of structural wall in the ground story panel gave the maximum strength and ductility.

Keywords: Open ground storey, brick infill, RC wall Infill and Steel Bracing.
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By
S.S.Kolo(1)andy.Ajimoh(2)
Dept.Ofcivilengineering
1. Futminna
2. Unilorin

ABSTRACT
This study present, the Marshall properties of the cold mix asphalt produced with the DPWS modified bitumen were compared with those of the commercial cold mixes in use in Nigeria. The following Stability and flow result were obtained after careful laboratory experiment; for the DPWS modified cold mix Asphalt a stability of 5.8KN and flow of 4mm were obtained when using the normal hot mix method of testing, while stability of 9.58KN and flow of 4.5mm were obtained when air dried method was used. The Portland Emco shows stability of 2.21KN and flow of 3.95mm when it was subjected to test using the normal hot mix method of testing, while a stability of 4.37KN and a flow of 4.85mm were obtained air dried method was used. The Carboncor shows stability of 4.27KN and flow of 5.5mm when it was subjected to test using the normal hot mix method of testing, while a stability of 9.79KN and a flow of 5.5mm were obtained when air dried method was used. The UPM could not be tested for stability when it was subjected to test using the normal hot mix method of testing, but using the air dried method a stability of 1KN and a flow of 6.85mm were obtained. This shows that the modified cold Asphalt has a good strength when subjected to worst condition.

Keywords: Marshall Properties, Stability, DPWS, Cold Asphalt
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By
Fawale, Babatunde Lawale
Ajayi, Johnson Oluwafemi
Oyedemi, Peter Oluwatosin

ABSTRACT
This project is an evaluation of the effectiveness of strawbale in building construction. It introduced the use of straw, which when baled could be used as a resource, that is, as a walling material, more economically than other conventional walling materials.

This study shows the edges that strawbale has over other conventional walling materials (sandcrete block), thermal insulating property, availability ease of construction, economical amongst others. The minimum plaster thickness (coating) which when applied to the strawbale wall that can give the optimum strength was found to be 15mm this is obtained from compressive strength test.

It also displays the graphical representation of the thermal insulation tests carried out on the two prototype buildings (strawbale and sandcrete block), in which strawbale building retained more heat than the sandcrete block building.
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By
Guimer Tarek and Mellas Mekki
Department of Civil Engineering, Mohamed Khider University, Biskra, BP 145, Biskra 07000, Algeria
Tel fax: 033 73 45 28

Abstract
This work aims to study the evolution of the resistance of Portland cement pastes and mortars containing two mineral additions such as calcareous filler and finely crushed slag.

The effects of the addition of two mineral additions to Portland cement pastes are mortars, has been carried to evaluate the evolution of the mechanical resistance as function of the age and the mode of the treatment .This study is a simplified approach to show the contribution of the mineral addition on the development of the mechanical resistance, and the porosity obtained using methanol exchange method. In addition, to confirm this study and based on laboratory test resorts approximate equations were obtained

Keywords: Porosities, cement paste, mortar, mechanical resistance, exchange by methanol.
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