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In BS5400 the traffic loads for HA loading are given by the uniformly distributed loads along the loaded length and a knife edge load.
In the code, it is not intended that knife edge loads simulate a wheel axle of vehicles. Instead, it is just a tool to provide the same uniformly distributed loading to imitate the bending and shearing effects of actual traffic loads.
This question is taken from book named – A Self Learning Manual – Mastering Different Fields of Civil Engineering Works (VC-Q-A-Method) by Vincent T. H. CHU.
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