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Why our cities are flooding?

By
KAUSHAL KISHORE
Materials Engineer, Roorkee

Many cities tend to expand, changing their original land and waterscapes so they become prone to flooding.

CAUSES OF FLOODING
1. Over population

In 1947 India’s population was 34 crores, now in 2024 India population is 144.2 crores increasing at the rate of 3.5 crore per year. China present population is 142.5 crore and they have controlled their population.

The land area of India is 3.3 million sq.km and China 9.6 million sq.km. Our population is more than China but our land area is about 37 percent of China land area . One of route cause of our problems is overpopulation. Our land and environment can hold only a limited population.

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Types of Loads on Buildings

Introduction
Analysis of structures is important for safe design and serviceability to resist loads coming from various sources. These loads re taken into account while designing so that the building does not fail under the application of these loads. These loads may be in the form of uniformly distributed load, concentrated load, triangular load and so on. All these have various points of application and so the center of mass is to be detected for making the calculations easy in every aspect. For example, in seismic zones, the earthquake load plays an important role which is to be considered in seismic analysis. Similarly, in some areas wind is the predominant force and it imposes load on the building which needs to be analysed before any disaster strikes. All these loads create a significant impact in performing structural analysis and any slight calculation mistakes can create life threatening situations.

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World’s first 3D Printed Steel Bridge in Amsterdam

Introduction:
This is a 3D-printed steel bridge that was opened to the public in Amsterdam in July 2021. The bridge was developed by a Dutch Robotics Company named MX3D, in collaboration with a consortium of experts. The bridge will represent a major milestone for 3D printing technology.

Fig 1: The first 3D printed steel bridge unveiled in Amsterdam
Fig 1: The first 3D printed steel bridge unveiled in Amsterdam

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Construction & Management of Underground Structure with Scheduling & Estimation

By
Mr. S.L. Ghorpade
Under the guidance of Prof. A.B. Shendge
Dattakala Group of Institutions Faculty of Engineering, Swami – Chincholi (Bhigwan).

Abstract- The construction of tunnel is important for different purposes. They can be constructed for railways, roadways, pedestrian footways and can be built in hard rock, soft ground, river bed and are also used to convey Hydroelectric power, water stream, or as a sewer. The construction of Diversion Tunnel, Pressure Shaft, and Tailrace Tunnel to convey water is considered in this project. To identify Scheduling of different activities by various methods Network Diagram, C.P.M., P.E.R.T. and their cycle time is calculated. Scheduling for different activity is carried out with the help of Network Diagram & Primavera Software will be carried out in a project stage II. Study of Estimation for a Diversion Tunnel, Pressure Shaft, and Tailrace Tunnel by both methods. Excavation in heading and benching, Rock bolt support work, lining work is considered for cycle time and cost estimation calculation in Diversion Tunnel, Pressure Shaft, and Tailrace Tunnel. Estimation is also carried out by two methods. The comparison of two methods adopted for excavation work and estimation will be carried out in a project stage II.

Keywords- Scheduling, C.P.M., P.E.R.T., Gantt chart, Network Diagram, Estimation, Heading, Benching, Cycle time, Lining, Rock Bolts, Diversion Tunnel, Pressure Shaft, Tailrace Tunnel.

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Measurement of Air Content in Concrete

Introduction:
Even though concrete is one of the most durable building materials, its strength and durability can be affected by many things over time. The amount of air in the mix may be the hardest to control out of all these things. Having air in concrete is important to keep projects inside and out from going wrong. Even when air entrainers and detainers are used at the batch plant, loads are rejected on the job site because there is too much or not enough air. Knowing what can change the amount of air in a mix while it is in transit can help ready-mix operators make sure their mixes meet job requirements.

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What Is Tuckpointing in Masonry?

Introduction:
Mortar is important for residential and commercial brick buildings because it holds the bricks together and acts as a seal to keep water and moisture from getting inside the walls. It’s also a nice-looking divider that goes around each brick. Unluckily, the mortar is the weakest part of a brick wall. Years of weathering, weight, temperature, and moisture can cause the mortar to wear down and crack. When the mortar is lost, it affects the wall’s ability to hold together, and the bricks no longer fit together neatly. Tuckpointing is the process professionals use to fix and strengthen the joints between the bricks.

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What is Ready Mix Concrete?

Introduction
In the 21st century, everything has started to speed up, even in the construction industry too. The construction activities are speeding up by replacing the manual works with automatic machines. Likewise, in cement mixing, too, there has been rapid development. Instead of mixing on-site, a ready-to-use cement mix is being on the site so that no time is wasted in proportioning the cement to the desired strength.

Instead of on a job site, ready-mix concrete is made in a plant according to a predetermined mix design. Manufacturers mix sand, gravel, cement, and water depending on the project requirements before delivering the mixture to the site.

There are three types of ready-mix concrete: transit-mix concrete, central mixed concrete, and shrink-mix concrete.

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Types of CAD Softwares used by Civil Engineers

Introduction
Computer-Aided Design Software or CAD is used to create, analyze, modify, or stimulate for optimizing design. Architects, engineers, and designers use it to create or modify designs in 2D or 3D that was impossible to be exhibited on paper. It transforms designs into codes that are understandable by the computer, resulting in viewing a designed object from various perspectives.

Different companies use different CAD software versions to carry out desired results for the company’s standards. CAD offers expandable features that can be used by companies working in various fields. This software facilitates conversion from design to construction process. Because of low-cost development and less time consumption, this software is gaining traction. Some of such software that is used in various industries shall be discussed here in details.
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About Civil Engineering

Engineering is a term applied to the profession in which a knowledge of the mathematical and natural sciences, gained by study, experience, and practice, is applied to the efficient use of the materials and forces of nature. Engineers are the ones who have received professional training in pure and applied science. Before the middle of the 18th century, large-scale construction work was usually placed in the hands of military engineers. Military engineering involved such work as the preparation of topographical maps, the location, design, and construction of roads and bridges; and the building of forts and docks; see Military Engineering below. In the 18th century, however, the term civil engineering came into use to describe engineering work that was performed by civilians for nonmilitary purposes.

Civil engineering is the broadest of the engineering fields. Civil engineering focuses on the infrastructure of the world which include Waterworks, Sewers, Dams, Power Plants, Transmission Towers/Lines, Railroads, Highways, Bridges, Tunnels, Irrigation Canals, River Navigation, Shipping Canals, Traffic Control, Mass Transit, Airport Runways, Terminals, Industrial Plant Buildings, Skyscrapers, etc. Among the important subdivisions of the field are construction engineering, irrigation engineering, transportation engineering, soils and foundation engineering, geodetic engineering, hydraulic engineering, and coastal and ocean engineering.

Civil engineers build the world’s infrastructure. In doing so, they quietly shape the history of nations around the world. Most people can not imagine life without the many contributions of civil engineers to the public’s health, safety and standard of living. Only by exploring civil engineering’s influence in shaping the world we know today, can we creatively envision the progress of our tomorrows.

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Comments

3,821 comments on "Civil Engineering Home"

Renga Nahan says:

Sir,
I am pursuing my first year B.E. Civil Enginnering in Chennai. I want to learn a foriegn language. Which language would you suggest me to learn. Would you plase tell bout the foriegn countries’ need for civil Engineers.

fathima says:

i’m studying final year B.tech.i am the project leader.so i am in position to select the project with force i took analysis of crack beams in finite element method through ansys software i am worrying that this project what i selected is useful in my future and as a leader is my option is correct or wrong if wrong pls sugggest me some final year project.and doing theortical project is best or doing experimental project is goog i am requestion to clarrify my doubt.

narendra says:

hi i’m civil engg. n i’m proud on my self i’m a civil engg.

abhirup says:

i’m presently a student of civil engineering in national institute of technology, karnataka.
i wish i could be involved in a project or training in my semester breaks.
what should i do ?
please reply

jalamabubakar says:

am a fisrt year civil eng student so , was wil u give me for my guidance

getrude says:

really educative and its helping we the young engineers.

lokendra solanki says:

I am 1st year civil enginnering student please provide me the information about the cource which i have to study in 1st year.

fraidoon says:

hi every 1. i want to study civil engineering in the future. i really don’t know what to take as Alevel this year? does any 1 know what do i have to take for civil engineering.thanks.. i ma waiting for ur repond !!

karthik ram says:

sir i am karthik from trichy,i had finish the diplomo & now i doing B.Tech as a part time,i want learn & prepare the strucural desing,if any company near to my town.

million minda says:

hi,sir i am from ethiopia i had finished the level 4 in concrete works know adays i am working in teaching. but know i want to learn how to prepare the strchural design and R.C.C design.what should i do? pleas i am wayting to your reply.

Udhay says:

sir pls tell me the initial setting time and final setting time of concrete mix

maxime nkunda says:

hi,am a brand new student,am starting 11/01/2010 in umutara p0lytechnic university in east of Rwanda…please refer me to helpful text books and important skills to make it.,Thank you

mala says:

hi iam 3rd year student of interior design course.after this can i study further and i want to study b.arch,can i

abhishek agrawal says:

hiii sir first of all thank u fr givin ur valuable suggestions to us

sir i m persuing BE frm indore in 3rd yeari hav various queries regarding my future

1}sir my comm skills r nt vry gud

2}i cannot organise people so wich field i shd choose in civil engg

3}i hava head injury nd most of d tyms m nt fit

4}sir after d graduation wat shd i opt GRE or GATE or MBA

5}I cant lie to earn money as well

hw cn i be d gud civil engineer nd wich field i shd choose fr it…..plz sir help me….

Lidet says:

sir I’m lidet from ethiopia i am junior engineer and i want to ask you about M30 concrete mix retio

ramesh says:

i have finished my b.tech civil i’m looking for a job i want to know the opertunities

namewar says:

really useful website……happy to visit….

rohan singh says:

hiii sir i am doing b.tech from goel institute of technology and management affilated from uptu.i am just want to know that in civil engineering sallary package is good or not. i have family responsbility so it’s premier requirement

Sankar.A says:

hi sir, i’m sankar i’m working as Site Engineer in United Rail Road Consultant , Chennai. This year only i’ve completed my BE degree (2009 pass out DR.SACOE, Anna University ) Sir please tell about Civil Engineering futures in Building line B’coz i want to move Building side. Thank you sir..

raj says:

sir,
please send me the mix design for paving blocks as grade like,
M-20,M-30,M-35,M40,M45,M-50 and M-60
in kg(kilo gram)
urs fathfull
raj g.

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