Group of piles means when we have more than 1 pile in a row. Many factors influence the pile group stability. The major factors are Geometry of the group, soil conditions and direction of loads.
The efficiency factor Eg is defined as the ratio of the ultimate group capacity to the sum of the ultimate capacity of each pile in the group. It is this factor which is mostly used to express the ultimate load considerations.
Now
Eg = [2(BL+WL)fs+BWg]/nQu
where
B=Breadth of block of soil
W=Width of block of soil
L= Length of block of soil.
S = spacing
n= number of piles
fs is the average peripheral friction stress of block
Qu= single pile capacity.
The study shows that for cohesive soils Eg>1 if S is more than 2.5 pile diameters
For cohesionless soils Eg>1 for the smallest practical spacing.
On field, we take the minimum pile spacing for conventional piles in the range of 2.5 to 3D.
Design of rock sockets is conventionally based on
where
Qd= allowable design load on rock socket
ds= socket diameter
Ls= socket length
fR= allowable concrete rock bond stress
qa= allowable bearing pressure on
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GOOD
generally in bored piling the consumption of cement come more than the theoretical consumption of cement ,what is the reason behind it and will we can accept it up to 20% ?
Any guideline is there for the particular reason from I.S.Members
Please clarify it