It is difficult to obtain undisturbed samples of sand to measure the in-situ density. The relative density of in-situ sand can be determined by correlation to other parameters in some methods. For instance, Cone Penetration Test can be employed to estimate the relative density of sands as there is well established relation between cone tip resistance and relative density.
On the other hand, shear wave velocity measurements using seismic CPT and Spectral Analysis of Surface Waves can be used to obtain relative density indirectly.
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This question is taken from book named – A Self Learning Manual – Mastering Different Fields of Civil Engineering Works (VC-Q-A-Method) by Vincent T. H. CHU.
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